Analisis Konseptual Hutang dan Modal dalam Bisnis Syariah Perspektif Fiqh Muamalah dan Akuntansi Syariah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63822/dc1x3s94Keywords:
qardh; capital; fiqh muamalah; sharia accounting; risk sharingAbstract
This study analyzes the distinction between debt (qardh) and capital (ra’s al-mal) in Islamic business from a fiqh muamalah perspective and its implications for sharia accounting. Using a qualitative library approach, the study finds that qardh functions as a social contract without profit, while capital is based on partnership and risk sharing linked to real economic activity. In practice, financing is dominated by debt-like and trade-based contracts due to risk and institutional constraints. This creates a gap between normative principles and implementation, especially in risk allocation and contract substance. The study highlights that unclear classification between debt and capital affects financial reporting and weakens accountability. Strengthening conceptual clarity is essential to ensure fairness, transparency, and compliance in sharia accounting.
References
AAOIFI. (2019). Standar Akuntansi Mudharabah (Psak 105), Aaoifi Dan Urgensinya Pada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah. Jurnal Masharif Al-Syariah: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 4(2), 107–124.
Akuntansi, J., Maslahah, B. M. T., Ummah, L., Jember, S., & Syarifuddin, N. H. (2026). Analisis Akuntansi Pembiayaan Mudharabah Berdasarkan PSAK 105 Di. 04(01), 63–76.
Annizar, R. A., & Junarsin, E. (2025). Mudharabah, musyarakah, financing risk, and performance of Islamic banks: Empirical evidence from Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 11(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol11.iss1.art9
Deden Hidayat. (2023). Analisis Konsep Utang Menurut Perspektif Ekonomi Syari’ah. 6(1), 33–42.
DSN-MUI. (2011). Fatwa Dewan Syari’ah Nasional No: 79/DSN-MUI/III/2011 Tentang Qardh dengan Menggunakan Dana Nasabah. Fatwa DSN MUI No 79 Tahun 2011, 19, 1–8. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxTl-lNihFyzanlVZ1dQWGJTWTQ/view?resourcekey=0-gL15DaljH6RQnAEcWUdfAA
Fitrah Amaliah Hasibuan, & Muhammad Zen. (2025). Tinjauan Fiqih Klasik atas Akad Qardh dan Transformasinya dalam Produk Digital Lending Syariah. Jurnal Bisnis Inovatif Dan Digital, 2(4), 01–15. https://doi.org/10.61132/jubid.v2i4.882
Fofi Hanifa Seftiani, Hana Luthfia Widi, Syerly Lia Azharah, & Aidil Alfin. (2025). Kesesuaian Konsep Akad Fiqh Muamalah dengan Produk Keuangan Syariah Kontemporer: Kajian Normatif atas Fatwa dan Regulasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 4(3), 206–220. https://doi.org/10.55606/jimak.v4i3.4825
Gugun Sodik, & Ahmad Hasan Ridwan. (2023). Problematika Pembiayaan Mudharabah di Perbankan Syariah Indonesia. EKONOMIKA45 : Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi Bisnis, Kewirausahaan, 11(1), 700–711. https://doi.org/10.30640/ekonomika45.v11i1.2267
Ichsan, N. (2023). Bank Syariah: Akad dan Produk. Mafatiha: Jurnal Studi Hukum, 1(1).
Mubarroq, A. C., & Surabaya, U. M. (2023). Analisis konsep muamalah berdasarkan kaidah fiqh muamalah kontemporer. 4(1), 95–108.
Mulyawan, A. W., Hafid, A., & Majid, J. (2025). Konstruksi Filosofis dan Konseptual Sistem Keuangan Syariah: Menuju Tata Kelola Nilai dan Keberlanjutan di Indonesia. DIRASAH: Jurnal Kajian Islam, 2(4), 471–482.
Novitasari, A., Ambarwati, A., Lusia, A., Purnamasari, D., Hapsari, E., Ardiyani, N. D., Wahyuningtias, D., Putranto, T. S., Kusdiana, R. N., Sardi, A., Wahab, D., Syukri, M., Teknologi, F., Pertanian, I., Oleo, U. H., BOROWKA, A., JJJJ, G., OOOO, D., Lestario, L. N., … Aprilia, P. (2015). No 主観的健康感を中心とした在宅高齢者における 健康関連指標に関する共分散構造分析Title. Jurnal KesMaDaSka, 10(2), 166–172.
Nurjannah, Alisa, N., Amir, A. M. N. A., Bulutoding, L., & Muchlis, S. (2024). Analisis Implementasi Mudharabah dalam Lembaga Keuangan Syariah. INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(4), 1770–1784. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative%0AAnalisis
Pandangan, S., & Sya, M. M. A.-. (2020). RiadhusSholihin Kedudukan Pencatatan Hutang Perspektif Fiqh Muamalah. 1, 142–158.
Pembiayaan, D., Dan, M., Wardati, L., Ismail, M., Hikmah, N. H., & Akbar, M. A. (2025). Ahsan : Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan Implementasi Manajemen Risiko. Ilmiah Keislaman Dan Kemasyarakatan, 2(1), 160–174.
Piryanti, M. (2024). Analisa Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No. 07/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 Tentang Jaminan dalam Pembiayaan Mudharabah. At-Tahdzib: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Muamalah, 12(2), 196–206. https://doi.org/10.61181/j3n43z63
Qard, O. A., Syariah, H. E., No, T. F. D., Implikasinya, S., Bunga, P., Keuangan, L., Lalu, K., Jaelani, K., Islam, U., Sunan, N., No, F. M. U. I., Mui, F., & Pendahuluan, L. K. (2025).
Rizal, M., & Soemitra, A. (2022). I-best: islamic banking & economic law studies. 1, 48–65.
Romadloni, F., Hariroh, S., Nanda, D., Fadhilah, N., & Hanifah, L. (2026). Analisis Akad Murabahah pada Pembiayaan Modal Usaha UMKM dalam Perspektif Fiqh Muamalah. 2(4), 216–224.
Sarianti. (2025). Dinamika Implementasi Mudharabah dan Musyarakah dalam Industri Perbankan Syariah di Era Disrupsi Digital. Jurnal Penelitian, Karya Ilmiah Dan Pengembangan (Islamic Science), 3, 171–186.
Setiawati, L. (2025). Green Economics : International Journal of Reconstructing Islamic Financial Management Philosophy through a Dynamic Maqashid al-Shariah Framework.
Siri, R., & Rahmi. (2025). Reconstructing Mudharabah Financing in Islamic Banking: Evidence from Indonesia and Implications for Global Sharia-Compliant Finance. IQTISHODUNA: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 14(2), 805–820. https://doi.org/10.54471/iqtishoduna.v14i2.3163
Sulthonuddin, B. H. (2022). QARD DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DANA NASABAH (Analisis terhadap Fatwa No. 79/DSN-MUI/III/2011). Jurnal NARATAS, 4(2), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.37968/jn.v4i2.324
Undang-undang Fatwa DSN MUI. (2001). Fatwa Dewan Syari’ah Nasional-Majelis Ulama Indonesia No: 19/DSN-MUI/IV/2001 tentang Al-Qardh. Fatwa DSN MUI, 1–4.
Wahab, A. (2021). Justisia Ekonomika. 5(2), 300–308.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Dzaky Djiloi, A. Amarsyah, Aryandi Aryandi, Masyhuri Masyhuri (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.



