Systematic Literature Review: Implementasi Konsep Ethics by Design dalam Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63822/f1a7yt13Keywords:
Ethics by Design; Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak; Systematic Literature Review; SDLC; Kecerdasan Buatan.Abstract
Perkembangan kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) dan sistem digital menuntut pengembangan perangkat lunak yang tidak hanya berorientasi pada aspek fungsional, tetapi juga mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai etika. Pendekatan Ethics by Design (EbD) hadir sebagai paradigma yang menanamkan prinsip etika sejak tahap awal Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) guna menghasilkan sistem yang transparan, adil, akuntabel, dan berpusat pada manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi tren penelitian Ethics by Design, menganalisis model dan metode yang digunakan untuk mengintegrasikan nilai etis ke dalam SDLC, serta mengkaji pengaruh kerangka regulasi terhadap penerapan arsitektur perangkat lunak yang berlandaskan etika. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) melalui tahapan perumusan research question, pencarian literatur, seleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, penilaian kualitas studi, serta sintesis terhadap artikel ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kajian Ethics by Design mengalami peningkatan dengan pergeseran fokus dari pembahasan konseptual menuju implementasi teknis. Kerangka kerja seperti ECCOLA, Value-Based Engineering (VBE), dan Ethics by Design for AI (EbD-AI) terbukti mendukung integrasi prinsip etika pada setiap fase SDLC. Selain itu, regulasi seperti General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) memperkuat penerapan prinsip akuntabilitas, tanggung jawab, dan transparansi dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi Ethics by Design memerlukan sinergi antara metodologi rekayasa perangkat lunak, budaya organisasi, dan dukungan regulasi untuk menghasilkan sistem yang dapat dipercaya serta memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Evy Nurmiati, Farid Albaraka, Muhammad Aulia Addinul Haq (Author)
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