Problematika Muslim Minoritas di Myanmar: Historisitas, Identitas, dan Diskriminasi terhadap Rohingya

Abstract

This study examines the issues faced by the Muslim minority in Myanmar, focusing on aspects of history, identity, discrimination, and restrictions on social and religious life particularly those experienced by the Rohingya community. The study employs a qualitative method using a library research approach. Data were gathered from various written sources including books, scholarly journals, articles, and other relevant materials and subsequently analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate that the presence of Muslims in Myanmar dates back to the 7th century CE, established through trade, missionary work, migration, and political relations in the Arakan region. Over time, the political status of Myanmar’s Muslim community shifted, particularly following the country's independence in 1948 and the military takeover in 1962. The challenges faced by the Rohingya community stem not solely from religious differences but also from issues regarding ethnic identity, citizenship, nationalism, and state policy. These conditions have given rise to various forms of discrimination and restrictions across social, political, and religious spheres, including limitations on places of worship and religious activities. Thus, the situation of the Muslim minority in Myanmar is a multidimensional issue shaped by historical, political, identity-related, religious, and state-policy factors.