Konsep Wizr dalam Al-Qur’an: Analisis Semantik-Tematik atas Prinsip Tanggung Jawab Moral Individual dalam Lima Ayat Lā Taziru Wāziratun Wizra Ukhrā

Abstract

The Qur’an employs a rich vocabulary for sin, yet the term wizr has rarely been examined as a concept that emphasizes the consequences of an act. This article explains the concept of wizr and analyzes the interpretation of five verses with an identical formulation, lā taziru wāziratun wizra ukhrā: al-An‘ām/6:164, al-Isrā’/17:15, Fāṭir/35:18, az-Zumar/39:7, and an-Najm/53:38–39. This qualitative library research combines thematic exegesis (maudhū‘ī) with semantic field analysis. Primary data come from the Qur’an and the exegeses of al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, and Quraish Shihab (al-Miṣbāḥ); secondary data come from Arabic lexicons, Qur’anic sciences literature, and previous studies. The findings show that the root و-ز-ر occurs 27 times in 14 verses, eight of which denote the burden of sin, and 13 of the 14 verses are Meccan. Wizr differs from żanb, ithm, and junāḥ in that it marks the consequence of an act that attaches to the doer and cannot be transferred. The five verses build one principle through five lines of argument: monotheism, the proof brought by prophethood, kinship, human effort (sa‘y), and the inner attitude of ingratitude or gratitude. The discussion shows that the principle does not negate the responsibility of those who lead others astray, since the sin of the misleader is his own wizr, and that it is relevant to character education, the principle of culpability in criminal law, and the critique of moral responsibility avoidance.