Kepentingan Nasional Indonesia dalam Kerja Sama Kendaraan Listrik dan Hilirisasi Nikel dengan Tiongkok
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63822/cfm7k738Keywords:
kendaraan listrik; hilirisasi nikel; kerja sama Indonesia–Tiongkok; kepentingan nasional; geoeconomicsAbstract
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menelaah kerja sama kendaraan listrik antara Indonesia dan Tiongkok pada periode 2019–2026 sebagai instrumen pencapaian kepentingan nasional Indonesia. Permasalahan yang diangkat adalah belum optimalnya konversi cadangan nikel menjadi penguasaan teknologi, modal manusia, dan posisi geoekonomi meskipun investasi asal Tiongkok telah melampaui USD 30 miliar. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus tunggal, artikel ini memadukan teori kepentingan nasional Donald E. Nuechterlein, geoeconomics, dan economic statecraft untuk menganalisis kerja sama EV secara berlapis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan lima dimensi kepentingan nasional: ekonomi-investasi, teknologi-industrialisasi, keamanan energi, sosial-lingkungan-ketenagakerjaan, dan geopolitik. Indonesia memiliki daya tawar berbasis nikel dan pasar domestik, namun menghadapi kesenjangan teknologi, dominasi modal asing, serta tantangan lingkungan hidup. Artikel mengajukan Model Kepentingan Nasional Berlapis sebagai kerangka teoretis baru yang mengintegrasikan kelima dimensi tersebut. Implikasi praktis menunjukkan perlunya strategi diversifikasi mitra, penguatan regulasi alih teknologi, dan reformasi tata kelola lingkungan agar kerja sama EV benar-benar berorientasi pada transformasi industri jangka panjang.
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