Integrasi Teknologi Menuju Transformasi Pedagogis dalam Penelitian STEM Education melalui Bibliometric Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63822/kkhj8x24Keywords:
STEM Education, Analisis Bibliometrik, Tijauan Literatur Sistematis, Teknologi PendidikanAbstract
STEM Education telah berkembang menjadi salah satu pendekatan pendidikan strategis dalam mengembangkan kompetensi abad ke-21, seperti berpikir kritis, pemecahan masalah, kreativitas, dan literasi teknologi. Meskipun penelitian STEM Education mengalami pertumbuhan yang pesat, pemahaman yang komprehensif mengenai evolusi ilmiah, fondasi intelektual, struktur konseptual, dan arah penelitian masa depan masih relatif terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan dan struktur pengetahuan STEM Education melalui pendekatan Bibliometric-Systematic Literature Review (BSLR). Data penelitian diperoleh dari basis data OpenAlex menggunakan kata kunci “STEM Education” pada periode 2020–2025. Melalui proses seleksi berdasarkan protokol PRISMA, sebanyak 180 artikel dipilih sebagai dataset penelitian. Analisis bibliometrik dilakukan menggunakan Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny untuk mengidentifikasi perkembangan publikasi, sumber ilmiah berpengaruh, struktur konseptual, perkembangan tema, dan evolusi tematik. Selanjutnya, tinjauan sistematis digunakan untuk mensintesis tema-tema utama dan mengidentifikasi peluang penelitian masa depan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa STEM Education mengalami pertumbuhan yang konsisten dan berkembang dari pendekatan yang berorientasi pada teknologi menuju pendekatan yang lebih berpusat pada pedagogi. Tiga domain konseptual utama yang membentuk bidang ini adalah pedagogi, teknologi pendidikan, dan pengembangan kompetensi. Selain itu, ditemukan empat tema dominan, yaitu inovasi pedagogis, pembelajaran STEM berbasis teknologi, pengembangan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi, dan penguatan kapasitas profesional guru. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi berbagai kesenjangan teoretis, metodologis, kontekstual, dan teknologi yang memerlukan perhatian lebih lanjut. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini mengusulkan sebuah framework konseptual yang menjelaskan hubungan antara faktor pendukung, mekanisme pembelajaran, pengembangan kompetensi, dan luaran pendidikan STEM. Temuan penelitian memberikan kontribusi teoritis dan praktis dalam memahami perkembangan serta arah masa depan penelitian STEM Education.
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