Identifikasi Jenis dan Tingkat Serangan Penyakit pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Belum Menghasilkan di Desa Ketapat Bening, Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63822/5dkr3v58Keywords:
Kelapa Sawit, Tanaman Belum Menghasilkan, Penyakit Tanaman, Itensitas Serangan, Busuk PucukAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis penyakit, menentukan intensitas serangan, dan mengetahui penyakit yang paling dominan pada tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) belum menghasilkan (TBM). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif eksploratif melalui pengamatan langsung terhadap 50 tanaman berumur sekitar tiga tahun yang tersebar pada lima plot pengamatan. Pemilihan tanaman dilakukan secara purposive dengan pola pengambilan sampel zig-zag. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi visual dan dokumentasi terhadap gejala pada daun, pelepah, dan pucuk. Identifikasi penyakit dilakukan berdasarkan kesesuaian karakteristik gejala dengan literatur, sedangkan intensitas serangan dihitung menggunakan skala keparahan 0–4. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan empat kelompok gejala penyakit, yaitu bercak daun, karat daun, patch yellow, dan busuk pucuk. Sebanyak 49 dari 50 tanaman (98%) menunjukkan gejala penyakit. Busuk pucuk memiliki frekuensi tertinggi, yaitu 19 tanaman (38%), sedangkan bercak daun dan karat daun masing-masing ditemukan pada 11 tanaman (22%) dan patch yellow pada 8 tanaman (16%). Intensitas serangan rata-rata mencapai 41,5% dan termasuk kategori sedang, dengan nilai tertinggi pada Plot A sebesar 55,0% dan terendah pada Plot B sebesar 32,5%. Hasil penelitian memberikan informasi dasar mengenai kondisi penyakit pada tanaman kelapa sawit TBM dan dapat mendukung kegiatan pemantauan kesehatan tanaman. Identifikasi yang dilakukan masih berdasarkan gejala visual sehingga diperlukan konfirmasi patogen melalui pemeriksaan laboratorium pada penelitian berikutnya.
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