Pengaturan Pemidanaan Penyalahgunaan Artificial Intelligence dalam Penyebaran Hoax Politik Melalui Media Sosial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63822/kktxk378Keywords:
Criminalization, AI, Political Hoaxes, Social Media, ITE LawAbstract
This study analyzes the criminal law regulations of the misuse of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the spread of political hoaxes through social media in Indonesia, against the backdrop of the increasing threat of disinformation mediated by advanced technologies such as deepfakes and generative AI. The results reveal a legal gap in Indonesia's criminal law framework. Although the ITE Law (Article 28) is capable of prosecuting perpetrators of conventional hoax spreaders, existing regulations struggle to criminalize AI as an instrument of crime, particularly in determining criminal liability and malicious intent (mens rea) because the legal system still centers on human legal subjects.The main challenge for law enforcement lies in the complexity of evidence, where authorities struggle to verify the authenticity of AI-based hoax content and identify the human agency (programmer or end user) behind the hoax's production. Limited digital forensic expertise among law enforcement agencies further hampers the investigation process. To address this, the development of adaptive laws is recommended, namely: (1) revising the ITE Law to define the misuse of AI as a tool of crime, (2) establishing a legal obligation for social media platforms to label AI-generated content, and (3) improving the technical capacity of law enforcement. These developments aim to strengthen the effectiveness of criminalization, ensure legal certainty, and protect political integrity from the impact of AI-based disinformation.
Downloads
References
Ahmed, H., Traore, I., & Saad, S. (2020). Detecting Opinion Spams and Fake News Using Text Classification. Security and Privacy. Vol (3). No. 3. 99
Arnolus Juantri E. Oktavianus, Lamhot Naibaho, Djoys Anneke Rantung. (2023). Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence pada Pembelajaran dan Asesmen di Era Digitalisasi. Jurnal Kridatama Sains Dan Teknologi. Vol (5). No. 2. 473-486.
Bakri, S., Zulhazmi, A. Z., & Laksono, K. (2019). Menanggulangi Hoaks dan Ujaran Kebencian Bermuatan Isu Suku, Agama, Ras, dan Antargolongan di Tahun Politik. Al-Balagh: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi. Vol (4). No. 2. 199–234
Dewan Pers Indonesia. (2022). Peran Media dalam Menyaring Berita Hoaks. Jakarta: Dewan Pers
Fadhilah, A. D. Z., & Retnoningsih, S. (2024). Perancangan Kampanye Digital Melawan Disinformasi Melalui Artificial Intelligence dan Deepfake di Kalangan Pra Lansia Usia 45-55 Tahun. FAD. Vol (3). No. 2. 1-17
Febri Jaya and Wilton Goh. (2021). Analisis Yuridis terhadap Kedudukan Kecerdasan Buatan atau Artificial Intelligence sebagai subjek hukum pada hukum positif Indonesia. Supremasi Hukum. Vol (17). No. 2. 01–11
FL. Yudhi Priyo Amboro and Khusuf Komarhana. (2021). Prospek Kecerdasan Buatan Sebagai Subjek Hukum Perdata di Indonesia [Prospects of Artificial Intelligence As a Subject of Civil Law in Indonesia]. Law Review. Vol (1). No. 2. 145
Gatot Edy Pramono. (2020). Telaah Kritis Kejahatan Penyebaran Hoaks Saat Pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau: Vol (9). No. 2
Hadi Purnomo,Andre Yosua M. (2021). Inkonsistensi Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Penyebaran Hoaks Pasca Reformasi. Jurnal Ius Constituendum. Vol (6). No. 2. 249
Ilham Ginang Pratidina. (2017). Keabsahan Perjanjian Elektronik Melalui Agen Elektronik Dalam Sistem Hukum Kontrak Indonesia. Thesis : Universitas Airlangga
Kaur, H., & Kumar, Y. (2021). Fake News Detection Using Deep Learning Models: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights. Vol (1). No. 2. 146
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana,
Kominfo RI. (2023). Portal Klarifikasi Hoaks TurnBackHoax.id dan Layanan Pengaduan Hoaks. Jakarta: Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika
Lilian Edwards. (2022). The EU AI Act: A Summary of Its Significance and Scope. Newcastle University
Nathalie A. Smuha. (2019). The EU Approach to Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence. Computer Law Review International. Vol (20). No. 4. 97–106
Prashant Rokka, Christopher Kasango Bali, & Aditya Dayal Tyagi. (2025). Deep Learning vs Traditional ML: A Comparative Study on Fake News Classification. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts. Vol (13). No. 4. 2320
R. Soeroso. (2006). Pengantar Ilmu Hukum. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika
Resita Lukitawati and Widodo Trisno Novianto. (2023). Regulasi Layanan Kesehatan Digital Di Indonesia: Tantangan Etis Dan Hukum,” Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum. Vol (7). No. 2. 391–414
Rizkia & Fardiansyah H. (2023). Metode Penelitian Hukum (Normatif dan Empiris)
Rizkinaswara, L. (2019). Ciri-Ciri, Akibat dan Kenapa Kita Mudah Percaya Hoaks. KOMINFO : Direktorat Jenderal Aplikasi Informatika. Diakes pada tanggal 10 Desember 2025
Shu, K., Sliva, A., Wang, S., Tang, J., & Liu, H. (2020). Fake News Detection on Social Media: A Data Mining Perspective. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter. Vol (5). No. 4. 444
Surat Edaran Menkominfo Nomor 9 Tahun 2023 tentang Etika Kecerdasasn Artifisial
Syamsuddin, M. M., (2019). Dasar Konsep Kecerdasan Buatan (Kecerdasan Buatan/ AI) dalam Kritik Filsafat Timur. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada
Tamtomo, A. B., & Erdianto, K. (2023). INFOGRAFIK: Geoffrey Hinton Keluar dari Google, Ingatkan Bahaya AI di Masa Depan. KOMPAS.com. Diakses pada tanggal 9 Desember 2025
Tsaniyah, N., & Juliana, K. A. (2019). Literasi Digital Sebagai Upaya Menangkal Hoaks di Era Disrupsi. Al-Balagh (Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi). Vol (4). No. 1. 121–140
Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik
Zhou, X., & Zafarani, R. (2020). Fake News Detection: A Survey of Literature, Detection Methods, and Opportunities. ACM Computing Surveys. Vol (53). No. 5. 109
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Laode Rachman Pratama, Nynda Fatmawati Octarina (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
