Perspektif Middle Power Indonesia dalam Kerja Sama Kendaraan Listrik dengan Tiongkok (2019–2026)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63822/z5snnp37Keywords:
otonomi strategis; instrumental multilateralisme; kekuatan menengah; kendaraan listrik; hilirisasi nikel; hubungan Indonesia–Tiongkok; diplomasi ekonomiAbstract
Artikel ini menganalisis otonomi strategis Indonesia dalam kerja sama sektor kendaraan listrik (electric vehicle/EV) dengan Tiongkok pada periode 2019–2026, dengan fokus pada masa pemerintahan Prabowo Subianto (2024–2026). Meskipun Indonesia berhasil menarik lebih dari USD 30 miliar investasi, dominasi modal Tiongkok yang menguasai lebih dari 65% rantai nilai EV nasional menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai sejauh mana otonomi strategis Jakarta dapat dipertahankan dalam hubungan asimetris tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga kerangka teori yang diintegrasikan secara terpadu—middle power theory, strategic autonomy framework, dan two-level game theory—serta desain studi kasus tunggal (single-country case study) dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data sekunder berupa dokumen kebijakan, laporan lembaga internasional, dan artikel jurnal peer-review periode 2019–2026 dianalisis melalui interpretive policy analysis. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa otonomi strategis Indonesia bersifat domain-spesifik dan bertingkat: kuat secara formal di seluruh domain kebijakan, kuat secara substantif pada tataran kebijakan makro dan segmen perakitan kendaraan, namun lemah secara struktural pada segmen sel baterai yang paling strategis. Artikel ini memperkenalkan konsep instrumental multilateralisme sebagai mekanisme spesifik kekuatan menengah dalam mengelola asimetri bilateral dan memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan yang terkalibrasi secara empiris bagi Indonesia dan negara-negara Global South lain.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Asep Setiawan, Hamka Hamka, Latifah Latifah, Indah Eka Priyanto, Danu Prasetyo (Author)
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