Analisis Semantik dan Pragmatik dalam Berbagai Perkara Hukum: Kajian Linguistik Forensik

Abstract

This study aims to analyze language use in various legal cases from a forensic linguistics perspective, specifically focusing on semantic and pragmatic aspects. A descriptive-qualitative method was employed, utilizing linguistic data derived from the study's documents. Data analysis involved documentation, reading, and note-taking techniques to identify linguistic forms, meanings, contexts, intentions, and speech functions relevant to the legal cases. The results indicate that language use in legal contexts manifests in diverse forms, including written language on social media, mass media reporting, witness and defendant testimonies in court, and speech within audiovisual content. Semantically, the study identified the use of words, phrases, and expressions carrying lexical, connotative, and evaluative meanings. Meanwhile, the pragmatic analysis revealed that the interpretation of utterances is influenced by the speaker, the addressee, the communication context, the communicative purpose, and the medium employed. Speech act analysis further demonstrated that language functions as a communicative act, such as providing information, expressing judgments, making accusations, and conveying specific statements to other parties. These findings indicate that analyzing language within the legal realm cannot rely solely on linguistic form; it must also consider meaning and the context of use.