Efektivitas Strategi Rumah Tangga Dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan Dasar

Abstract

A household is the smallest economic unit, tasked with managing daily income and expenditures to ensure that basic needs—such as food, healthcare, and education—are met. This challenge intensifies when households encounter financial shocks, such as illness, job loss, or natural disasters. While extensive research exists on how households navigate these situations, the findings are scattered across various topics and regions, often yielding inconsistent results. This article synthesizes existing research to evaluate the effectiveness of household strategies in meeting basic needs. Employing a literature review methodology, the study examines 36 domestic and international journal articles, categorizing the findings by theme. The results indicate that household strategies fall into five categories: diversifying income sources; leveraging the roles of women and other family members; managing financial shocks; producing and managing food consumption; and utilizing social assistance and financial management. Strategies that enhance household capacity—such as transitioning to more profitable economic activities, engaging in subsistence food production, and improving financial literacy—generally lead to better well-being. Conversely, survival-oriented strategies—such as selling assets, incurring debt, or reducing food intake—offer only temporary relief and leave households vulnerable. The success of any given strategy depends on the assets available, access to credit, and the value of social assistance received; therefore, no single strategy is universally applicable. Household strategies are most effective when supported by social assistance tailored to specific regional conditions