Perancangan Platform UMNA untuk Pelaksanaan Umrah Mandiri dengan Pendekatan Human-Centered Design
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63822/m7wftw86Keywords:
Human-Centered Design; Umrah Mandiri; Perancangan Antarmuka; System Usability Scale; Consumer Confusion.Abstract
The growing public interest in independent Umrah in Indonesia has not been matched by adequate digital infrastructure for novice users, resulting in procedural confusion, fear of visa rejection, cost uncertainty, and limited visibility of post-transaction travel status. This study designs the UMNA Platform, a digital solution that integrates the entire independent Umrah planning process through step-by-step navigation, dynamic cost calculation, visa administration support, and a centralized user control center. Employing a Human-Centered Design approach through five Design Thinking stages within a Waterfall SDLC framework, the research covers requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and finalization. The unit of analysis comprises prospective urban Muslim pilgrims aged 20–45 in the Jabodetabek area. Data were analyzed qualitatively, through social media observation and pre-research questionnaires to identify user pain points, and quantitatively, using Black-Box Testing for functional validation and the System Usability Scale (SUS) for usability measurement. All twenty functional test scenarios achieved a 100% Pass status, and all four usability tasks reached a 100% completion rate, with an average SUS score of 82.75, exceeding the acceptability threshold. Integrating cost transparency, guided navigation, and travel status visibility was shown to enhance user confidence and ease of use. The UMNA Platform is expected to reduce consumer confusion and strengthen pilgrims' autonomy in performing Umrah independently.
Downloads
References
Al-Ghrairi, A. H. T., Mohammed, A. A., & Saeed, H. M. (2021). An application of web-based e-healthcare management system using ASP.Net. International Journal of Computer Applications.
Al-Shamaileh, O., & Sutcliffe, A. (2023). Why people choose apps: An evaluation of the ecology and user experience of mobile applications. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071581922001835
Alsagaby, S. A., & Alharbi, M. T. (2021). Cancer in Saudi Arabia: Web-based application to study cancer data using Waterfall model. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.2147/JMDH.S326168
An, Q., Kelley, M. M., Hanners, A., & Yen, P.-Y. (2023). Sustainable development for mobile health apps using the Human-Centered Design process. JMIR Formative Research. https://formative.jmir.org/2023/1/e45694
Ananda, L. R., Rahmawati, Y., & Khairi, F. (2022). Critical thinking skills of chemistry students by integrating design thinking with STEAM-PjBL. Journal of Science Education.
Arumugam, P., Jayachristrayar, S., Rega, R., & Rayar, J. (2025). Designing integrated online finding aids: Leveraging content analysis and design thinking for effective site navigation and wireframe development. Publishing Research Quarterly. https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/pdtc-2025-0028/html
Atikah, R. S., Tan, A. L., Trupp, A., Chong, K. L., Arni, A. G., & Arumugam, V. M. (2022). The emergence of a new religious travel segment: Umrah do it yourself travellers (DIY). GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites.
Ayada, W. M., & Hammad, M. A. E. E. (2023). Design quality criteria for smartphone applications interface and its impact on user experience and usability. International Design Journal. https://idj.journals.ekb.eg/article_305364.html
Babione, J., Gil, S., Okemeziem, C., Palechuk, T., Watson, K. E., Robertshaw, S., Verdin, N., McBrien, K., Campbell, D. J. T., Tsuyuki, R., Pannu, N., James, M., & Donald, M. (2025). Using Human-Centered Design and development to create a digital sick day medication guidance application. JMIR Formative Research. https://formative.jmir.org/2025/1/e77240
Bajunaied, K., Hussin, N., & Kamarudin, S. (2023). Behavioral intention to adopt fintech services: An extension of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2199853123001129
Berni, A., & Borgianni, Y. (2021). From the definition of user experience to a framework to classify its applications in design. Design Science. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/BDA17A8DA7C4B70DF0B339B29A7C33FC
Chen, J.-S., Kamalanon, P., & Janupiboon, T. (2022). Company websites and mobile apps versus social media: Which service experience creates more customer value for online travel agencies? Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9628396
Chitransh, S., Upadhyay, S., Chaubey, S., & Goyal, P. (2022). Travel and tourism website. International Journal of Innovative Research.
Choe, J. (2025). Religious tourism. Tourism Review. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616688.2024.2423168
Ding, W., Lin, X., & Zarro, M. (2025). Information architecture and UX design. Information Architecture Book.
Duy, N. B. P., Nguyen, V. T.-T., & Khoa, B. T. (2025). From flow experience determinants to user behavior: A study on online food ordering platforms via mobile applications. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2199853125000861
Flood, M., Ennis, M., Ludlow, A., Sweeney, F. F., Holton, A., Morgan, S., Clarke, C., Carroll, P., Mellon, L., Boland, F., Mohamed, S., De Brún, A., Hanratty, M., & Moriarty, F. (2021). Research methods from Human-Centered Design: Potential applications in pharmacy and health services research. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S155174112100231X
Gao, Z., Cheah, J.-H., Lim, X.-J., Ng, S. I., Cham, T.-H., & Yee, C. L. (2023). Can travel apps improve tourists' intentions? Investigating the drivers of Chinese Gen Y users' experience. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management.
Garcia, G. M., & Gadotti, S. J. (2022). Online travel agencies and their role in the tourism industry. Tourism Studies.
Göttgens, I., & Oertelt-Prigione, S. (2021). The application of Human-Centered Design approaches in health research and innovation: A narrative review of current practices. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. https://mhealth.jmir.org/2021/12/e28102
Grönman, S., & Lindfors, E. (2021). The process models of design thinking: A literature review. International Journal of Technology and Design Education.
Gudoniene, D., Staneviciene, E., Buksnaitis, V., & Daley, N. (2023). The scenarios of artificial intelligence and wireframes implementation in engineering education. Sustainability. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/8/6850
Gunawardhana, L. K. P. D. (2021). Native or web or hybrid which is better for mobile application. International Journal of Computer Science.
Harun, A., Ahmad, N., Farradia, Y., & Hussein, Z. (2024). Analysing umrah attributes in relation to tourist travel behaviour: A systematic literature review. Journal of Islamic Tourism.
Hyzy, M., Bond, R., Mulvenna, M., Bai, L., Dix, A., Leigh, S., & Hunt, S. (2021). System usability scale benchmarking for digital health apps: Meta-analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. https://mhealth.jmir.org/2022/8/E37290/
Jayasree, N. (2024). Study of application of design thinking in entrepreneurial skill development for start ups. International Journal of Management Studies.
Kieffer, S., & Vanderdonckt, J. (2023). A comparison of paper sketch and interactive wireframe. HICSS Proceedings. https://aisel.aisnet.org/hicss-56/in/hci/4/
Kumar, A., & Sharma, R. (2022). Identification of the customers' preferred attributes while selecting an OTA platform. Indian Journal of Computer Science.
Kureerung, P., Ramingwong, L., Ramingwong, S., Cosh, K., & EiamkanitChat, N. (2022). A framework for designing usability. Information. https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/10/470
Kwon, J., Choi, Y., & Hwang, Y. (2021). Enterprise design thinking: An investigation on user-centered design processes in large corporations. Journal of Open Innovation. https://www.mdpi.com/2411-9660/5/3/43
Leonel, V., & Morales Díaz. (2022). What is a user interface, again? ACM Proceedings. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3565494.3565504
Madyan, S., Abyad, H., & Karimullah, I. W. (2025). The modern pilgrimage of umrah: The convergence of spiritual devotion and pop-consumer culture in Indonesia. International Journal of Religious Tourism.
Melles, M., Albayrak, A., & Goossens, R. (2021). Innovating health care: Key characteristics of Human-Centered Design. International Journal for Quality in Health Care. https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/article-pdf/33/Supplement_1/37/36350849/mzaa127.pdf
Nagara, B. S., Oetari, D., Apriliani, Z., & Sutabri, T. (2023). Penerapan metode SDLC Waterfall pada perancangan aplikasi. Jurnal INTECOM.
Ningsih, W., & Nurfauziah, H. (2023). Perbandingan model Waterfall dan metode prototype untuk pengembangan aplikasi. Jurnal Metadata.
Norman, M. K., Hamm, M. E., Schenker, Y., Mayowski, C. A., Hierholzer, W., Rubio, D. M., & Reis, S. E. (2021). Assessing the application of human-centered design to translational research. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0A6010FDBC637077B455BE58982E1AE8
Pan, L., & Gao, J. (2021). Behavioral intention and technology adoption. Computers in Human Behavior, 115, 106612.
Quandt, M., Stern, H., Zeitler, W., & Freitag, M. (2022). Human-Centered Design of cognitive assistance systems for industrial work. Procedia CIRP. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212827122002554
Rosch, N., & Tiberius, V. (2023). Design thinking for innovation: Context factors, process, and outcomes. European Journal of Innovation Management. https://www.emerald.com/ejim/article-pdf/26/7/160
Ruiz, S., Serral, E., & Snoeck, M. (2023). User interface design principles. Journal of Systems and Software, 195, 111533.
Saravanos, A., & Curinga, M. X. (2023). Simulating the software development lifecycle: The Waterfall model. Systems. https://www.mdpi.com/2571-5577/6/6/108
Sharma, R., & Kumar, A. (2022). Online travel agency attributes. Indian Journal of Computer Science.
Songkram, N., Chootongchai, S., Osuwan, H., Chuppunnarat, Y., & Songkram, N. (2023). Students' adoption towards behavioral intention of digital learning platform. Education and Information Technologies. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9944426
Stratton, S. J. (2021). Population research: Convenience sampling strategies. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/prehospital-and-disaster-medicine/article/population-research-convenience-sampling-strategies
Subhaktiyasa, P. G. (2024). Menentukan populasi dan sampel: Pendekatan metodologi penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif.
Swasty, W., Akista, R. T., Soedewi, S., Mustikawan, A., Mukmin, M. A., & Hafidzan, M. A. (2025). From empathize to prototype: A design thinking approach. Compendium Paper Asia. https://compendiumpaperasia.com/index.php/cpa/article/view/596
Velsen, L. V., Ludden, G., & Grünloh, C. (2022). The limitations of user- and Human-Centered Design in an eHealth context. Journal of Medical Internet Research. https://www.jmir.org/2022/10/e37341
Wei, J., Liu, M., Li, W., Hou, Z., & Li, L. (2022). The impact of consumer confusion on the service recovery effect of online travel agency (OTA). Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9362697
Yasuda, S. (2023). Mapping pilgrimage in the marketplace: Social contexts of bisnis hajj dan umroh in Indonesia. International Journal of Religious Tourism.
You, X. (2022). Applying design thinking for business model innovation. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13731-022-00251-2.pdf
Yusoff, N. S., Ahmad, N., & Harun, A. (2024). Challenges in DIY Umrah planning. Journal of Islamic Tourism.
Zardari, B. A., Hussain, Z., Arain, A. A., Rizvi, W. H., & Vighio, M. S. (2021). Development and validation of user experience-based e-learning acceptance model. Sustainability. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/11/6201
Zhu, Y., & Hou, J. (2021). Emotional design theory in user experience. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 149, 102592.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Johara Johara, Osly Usman, Ryna Parlyna (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
