Analisis Pembagian Waris Sistem Adat dalam Perspektif Keadilan Gender
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63822/vsme1t97Keywords:
Customary Inheritance, Gender Justice, Patrilineal, Matrilineal, Bilateral, JurisprudenceAbstract
Customary inheritance systems in Indonesia are divided into three types: patrilineal, matrilineal, and bilateral, each providing different treatment of women's inheritance rights. This research examines inheritance distribution in customary systems from a gender justice perspective, focusing on women's inheritance rights regulation, factors causing gender inequality, and efforts to achieve justice through court decisions and socio-cultural change. Using a descriptive-analytical normative juridical approach, this research examines laws and regulations, Supreme Court decisions, and related academic studies. The findings indicate that in the patrilineal system, women tend to be marginalized and do not receive equal inheritance rights. Conversely, in the matrilineal system, women become the primary heirs, yet this system faces tension with Islamic law which adheres to bilateral principles. The bilateral system is considered more open as it does not differentiate inheritance rights between men and women. Gender inequality is caused by strong patriarchal culture, tension between customary and religious law, and resistance to social change. Various efforts have been made through Supreme Court jurisprudence such as Decision 179 K/SIP/1961, Decision 147 K/Pdt/2017, and Jurisprudence 3/Yur/Pdt/2018, as well as acculturation between Islamic law and customary law that encourages shifts toward a fairer inheritance system. This research recommends strengthening jurisprudence, harmonizing laws, and increasing public awareness of gender justice in inheritance.
References
Agustina, U., S, M. A., & Fahmi, O. A. (2025). KONFLIK HUKUM WARIS ISLAM DAN ADAT BATAK TOBA: DISKRIMINASI PEREMPUAN YANG TERPINGGIRKAN DARI WARISAN. Sanksi: Jurnal Hukum, 5(1), 523–532. https://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/sanksi/article/view/30387
Devita, S. T., Wulanmas, F. A., & Dientje, R. (2024). KEDUDUKAN AHLI WARIS PEREMPUAN DALAM PEMBAGIAN WARISAN MENURUT SUKU ADAT BATAK. Fakultas Hukum UNSRAT, 13(05), 1–10. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/lexprivatum/article/view/57097
Dewi, F. P., & Valentina, T. D. (2025). Representation of Inheritance Rights in Patriarchal Culture in Bali Based on Gender Equality Theory. EGALITA: Jurnal Kesetaraan Dan Keadilan Gender, 20(1). https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/egalita/article/download/32337/pdf_1
Diantha, I. M. P. (2016). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dalam Justifikasi Teori Hukum (2nd ed.). Prenada Media. https://kios-perpustakaan.jakarta.go.id/catalogue/detail/167334
Hilarius, K., & Mahmudah, S. (2024). Keadilan Pembagian Waris Pada Perempuan Etnis Tionghoa Di Kota Semarang. Hukum Dan Masyarakat Madani, 14(2), 257–266. https://doi.org/10.26623/humani.v14i2.8572
Judiasih, S. D., Karelina, N., Trirani, P., Nabilla, Z., Januariska, N. A., & Syakira, A. (2021). Pergeseran Norma Hukum Waris Pada Masyarakat Adat Patrilineal. Rechtidee, 16(1), 65–87. https://doi.org/10.21107/ri.v16i1.8676
Judiasih, S. D., Syakira, A., Karelina, N., Januariska, N. A., Trirani, P., & Nabilla, Z. (2024). Pergeseran Norma Hukum Waris Pada Masyarakat Adat Patrilineal. Rechtidee, 16, 306–312. https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/rechtidee/article/view/8676
Lumban Gaol, H. S. (2024). Hukum Waris Adat dalam Perspektif Keadilan Gender. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Surabaya. https://hukum.ubaya.ac.id/2024/12/18/hukum-waris-adat-dalam-perspektif-keadilan-gender/
Marzuki, P. M. (2016). Penelitian Hukum – Edisi Revisi (Edisi Revi). Kencana Prenada Media Group (Prenada Media). https://library.esaunggul.ac.id/detailbuku/index/16820
Ruslie, A. S., Wisnumurti, R. W., & Muharman, D. (2024). Gender Justice Principles in the Islamic Inheritance System. Mimbar Keadilan, 17(2), 178–192. https://doi.org/10.30996/mk.v17i2.11022
Shesa, L. (2024). Akulturasi Hukum Islam terhadap Kewarisan Adat Berbasis Kesetaraan Gender Dalam Hukum Adat Rejang dan Kontribusinya pada Pembaruan Hukum Waris di Indonesia [UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu]. http://repository.uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/4361/
Tarmizi, & Ansar, L. (2026). PEMBAGIAN HARTA WARISAN PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN GENDER : DIALEKTIKA PEMIKIRAN HUKUM ISLAM , ADAT , DAN. JURNAL SIPAKALEBBI, 10(1), 45–58. https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id./index.php/sipakalebbi/article/view/66797
Yulandini, N. K. A. C., Suwitra, I. M., & Sudibya, D. G. (2025). Hak Waris Anak Perempuan Dalam Hukum Adat Bali di Desa Adat Renon. Jurnal Analogi Hukum, 7(3), 338–345. https://doi.org/10.22225/jah.7.3.2025.338-345
Yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3/Yur/Pdt/2018 Tentang Legal Standing Perempuan Menggugat Pembagian Harta Waris Yang Setara Dengan Laki-Laki (2018). https://marinews.mahkamahagung.go.id/putusan/legal-standing-perempuan-menggugat-pembagian-harta-waris-0uX
Yusmita, Sitorus, I. R., Shesa, L., Septiana, E., & Sa’adah, S. L. (2025). Legal Pluralism and the Transformation of Islamic Inheritance Law: A Study of Sasak Customary Practices in Indonesia. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 10(2), 831–852. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v10i2.12500
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 San Frans Makagiansar, Aturkian Laia (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
