Pengaruh Penanaman Modal Asing, Penanaman Modal dalam Negeri, dan Upah Minimum Provinsi terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Provinsi DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat dan Banten Tahun 2010-2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63822/rj61x303Keywords:
Foreign Direct Investment; Domestic Investment; Minimum Wage; Labor Absorption; Panel DataAbstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Domestic Investment (DI), and Provincial Minimum Wage (PMW) on labor absorption in DKI Jakarta, West Java, and Banten during 2010-2024. These three provinces are strategic economic centers in Java, yet their Labor Force Participation Rates remain below the national average. This research employs a quantitative approach with panel data regression using the Fixed Effect Model. Data were obtained from BPS and BKPM across 45 observations. The results indicate that FDI has a positive but not significant effect on labor absorption (coefficient 258.5232; p-value 0.0782). DI has a positive and significant effect on labor absorption (coefficient 35.06602; p-value 0.0068). PMW has a negative but not significant effect on labor absorption (coefficient -0.431825; p-value 0.2150). The Adjusted R² of 0.9826 indicates that 98.26% of labor absorption variation is explained by the three independent variables. These findings imply that domestic investment plays a more significant role in creating employment opportunities compared to foreign investment and minimum wage policies in the region.
References
Adriyanto, A., Prasetyo, D., & Khodijah, R. (2020). Angkatan kerja dan faktor yang mempengaruhi pengangguran. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi & Sosial, 11(2), 66-82. https://doi.org/10.35724/jies.v11i2.2965
Asiyan, S. (2013). Pengaruh penanaman modal dalam negeri, penanaman modal asing, dan ekspor terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Jawa Timur. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi (JUPE), 1(3), 1-18.
Asri Nur Fadhillah, Nurlina, Salman, R., & Fuadi, Z. (2023). The effect of domestic investment (PMDN) and foreign investment (PMA) on economic growth in Indonesia. Jurnal Sosiohumaniora Kodepena, 4(2), 163-293.
Baltagi, B. H. (2008). Econometrics (4th ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76516-5
Basuki, A. T. (2021). Analisis data panel dalam penelitian ekonomi dan bisnis (Dilengkapi dengan penggunaan EViews). Penerbit Universitas.
Borjas, G. J. (2016). Labor economics. In Economics: The definitive encyclopedia from theory to practice (Vols. 3-4). https://doi.org/10.9783/9781512803792-018
Budiriansyah, L., Tarmizi, N., & Bemby Soebyakto, B. (2019). Analysis of labor absorption province of South Sumatera. Proceedings of the SEABC 2018, 300-308. https://doi.org/10.5220/0008439603000308
Cahyanda Nofrita, M. (2022). Pengaruh upah minimum, inflasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Salingka Nagari, 1(2), 179-187.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Desry J. Louhenapessy. (2023). Analisis isu dan masalah pembangunan ekonomi Provinsi Kepulauan. Moneter: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 1(4), 197-211. https://doi.org/10.61132/moneter.v1i4.98
Dewi, L. K., & Gunawan, K. I. (2018). Analisis pengaruh investasi PMA, PMDN, nilai produksi dan unit usaha terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja sektor industri manufaktur di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 3(3), 711-724.
Dwirainaningsih, Y. (2017). Pengaruh upah minimum terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja dan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Kota Pekalongan. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 14(1), 1-14.
Enachi, M. (2009). The knowledge as production factor. Studies and Scientific Researches. Economics Edition, 14(14), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.29358/sceco.v0i14.40
Felani, H. O., & Ratnawati, N. (2023). Unveiling the impact of technological advancements on macroeconomic stability and labor market dynamics. Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 7(9), 14999-15008. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v7i9.14114
Gai, A., Poerwati, T., Marito, M., Aswadi, D., & Hernawan, M. A. (2023). The influence of number of industries, nominal wages of labor and educational background on employment absorption in medium and large industries sector in Indonesia. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 7(2), 2598-2610.
Ghozali, I., & Ratmono, D. (2017). Analisis multivariat dan ekonometrika: Teori, konsep, dan aplikasi dengan EViews 10. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Ginting, G. (2021). Investasi dan struktur modal. Penerbit Universitas.
Griffin, R. W., & Ebert, R. J. (2007). Bisnis (Edisi ke-8). Penerbit Erlangga.
Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic econometrics (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Hellen, Mintarti, S., & Fitriadi. (2017). Pengaruh investasi dan tenaga kerja serta pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi serta kesempatan kerja. Jurnal Ekonomi, 13(1), 28-38.
Herlitah, H. (2016). Perkembangan liberalisasi investasi dari ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) paket 1 sampai paket 8 dan masuknya foreign direct investment (FDI) asal ASEAN pada jasa transportasi udara Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi dan Bisnis (JPEB), 4(2), 51-68. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpeb.004.2.3
Iksan, S. A. N., Arifin, Z., & Suliswanto, M. S. W. (2023). Pengaruh upah minimum provinsi, investasi, dan PDRB terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi (JIE), 5(2), 247-261.
Indah Ambarsari, D., & Purnomo. (2005). Studi tentang penanaman modal asing. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 6(1), 22-35.
Ioan, G., Carmen, S. G., Marinescu, E. S., & Pirju, I. S. (2025). The effects of foreign direct investments on wage trends in the Dutch labor market. Economies, 13(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13030058
Isnaeni, D., Kuncara Wiralaga, H., Dianta, K., & Sebayang, A. (2024). The effect of minimum wage, domestic investment and output value on labor absorption in Java Island. International Journal of Finance and Business Management (IJFBM), 2(6), 783-795.
Jaya, T. J., & Kholilah, K. (2020). Effect of gross domestic regional bruto, provincial minimum wage, and investment on labor absorption. Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan, 9(3), 236-252. https://doi.org/10.26418/jebik.v9i3.42642
Kemhay, H. (2023). Pengaruh penanaman modal dalam negeri (PMDN) dan penanaman modal asing (PMA) terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Jurnal Sociohumaniora Kodepena (JSK), 4(2), 163-178. https://doi.org/10.54423/jsk.v4i2.134
Keynes, J. M. (2018). The general theory of employment, interest and money. In Palgrave studies in the history of economic thought (1st ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98588-2_7
Kuncoro, H. (2002). Profit-sharing wages and labor absorption. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 7(1), 45-56.
Kurniati, R. (2014). Pengaruh upah minimum kabupaten/kota, pertumbuhan ekonomi dan investasi PMA terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di kabupaten/kota Provinsi Kalimantan Barat tahun 2010-2014. Jurnal Ekonomi Regional, 6(2), 45-58.
Lapian, A., Lapian, M., & Mangantar, M. (2022). The effect of foreign investment (FDI) and domestic investment on economic growth in North Sulawesi Province. The Seybold Report, 17(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6836024
Lubis, Z. H., Panjaitan, C. T., Sitorus, M., Febina, J., & Matondang, K. A. (2022). Pengaruh upah minimum dan inflasi terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Pembangunan, 12(1), 45-57.
Madura, J. (2011). International financial management (11th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Marsudiarso, J., & Susanto, A. A. (2022). Analisis penyerapan tenaga kerja ekonomi kreatif subsektor kriya. Jurnal Dinamika Industri, 39(1), 87-100. https://doi.org/10.22322/dkb.v36i1.4149
Mawarni, D., Nirmala, T., & Awaluddin, I. (2025). Pengaruh penanaman modal asing terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja dan PDRB Provinsi Jawa Barat menggunakan panel dinamis. E-Journal Field of Economics, Business, and Entrepreneurship (EFEBE), 3(3), 267-282. https://doi.org/10.23960/efebe.v3i3.267
Mullen, J. K., & Williams, M. (2005). Foreign direct investment and regional economic development. International Journal of Business Excellence, 11(2), 199-220. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2017.081432
Nayyar, D. (2014). Why employment matters: Reviving growth and reducing inequality. International Labour Review, 153(3), 351-364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1564-913X.2014.00208.x
Nopiah, R., Kusumastuti, S. Y., Apriyanti, C., Chaniago, N., Sentosa, E., Hariyanti, D., Esya, L., Entaresmen, R. A., Purnamaningrum, T. K., & Amran, E. (2024). Dasar-dasar ekonomi. Penerbit Universitas.
Nurfarkhana, A., & Priadana, S. (2023). Human development as a dominant factor for creating work opportunities. Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics and Business, 78-89. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.12-11-2022.2327405
Nurlaila, S. F., & Suhartono, E. (2024). Analysis of several factors affecting labor force absorption in East Java Province for the years 2017-2022. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 6(1), 37-47.
Nursalamah, N. (2025). Analisis hubungan upah minimum regional dan IPM terhadap tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. SENTRI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, 4(10), 2879-2891. https://doi.org/10.55681/sentri.v4i10.4676
Nyoman, N., Utama, I. M. S., & Wirathi, I. G. A. P. (2013). Pengaruh jumlah penduduk dan PDRB per kapita terhadap penerimaan PKB dan BBNKB serta kemandirian keuangan daerah Provinsi Bali tahun 1991-2010. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 12(3), 543-562.
Obeng, S. K. (2015). An empirical analysis of the relationship between minimum wage, investment and economic growth in Ghana. African Journal of Economic Review, 3(2), 85-101.
Páez, L. (2011). Understanding foreign direct investment. In Liberalizing financial services and foreign direct investment (pp. 7-36). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230316829_2
Paramita, R., & Christianingrum, R. (2022). Pengaruh investasi terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja. Jurnal Budget: Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara, 2(1), 32-50. https://doi.org/10.22212/jbudget.v2i1.36
Patriansyah, A. R. (2018). Analisis pengaruh jumlah penduduk, UMR, PDRB dan inflasi terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Jawa Tengah tahun 2011-2016. Jurnal Ekonomi Regional, 7(2), 45-58.
Perić, M. (2020). Impact of FDI inflow on average wage and employment in Serbia. Management: Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies, 25(1), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.7595/management.fon.2019.0007
Pramana, A., Hasibuan, H., & Ginting, R. (2019). The factors that influence labor absorption in agriculture sector in North Sumatera. AGRISAINS: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Agribisnis, 1(1), 10-17.
Pratama, I. A., & Anis, A. (2022). Pengaruh penanaman modal dalam negeri, penanaman modal asing, pendidikan terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 4(3), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.35915/ej.v6i1.670
Prihatini, D., Wibisono, S., Wilantari, R. N., & Ilmu, J. (2020). Determinan penyerapan tenaga kerja di Indonesia tahun 2011-2015. E-Journal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 7(1), 36-41.
Ramadhani, N. D., & Syafitri, W. (2025). Determinants of work absorption in East Kalimantan. Jurnal Ekonomi Regional, 4(4), 1396-1407.
Ramadhani, Q. N., & Ananda, C. F. (2024). Pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, investasi, dan upah minimum terhadap tingkat pengangguran di Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 3(2), 347-361.
Ramly, F., D. Rumerung, & Payapo, R. W. (2023). Effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth and labor absorption in Maluku. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 13(1), 340-348. https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v13i1.1239
Rasid, A. U., Masia, I., & Hasyim. (2026). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penyerapan tenaga kerja di negara ASEAN-4. Jurnal Unigo, 9(1), 51-65.
Rini, E. F., & Septriani, S. (2025). Impact analysis of minimum wages, investments and inflation on labor absorption in the manufacturing industry in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan, 10(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.20473/jiet.v10i1.58541
Rokhmatussa'dyah, A., & Suratman. (2009). Hukum investasi dan pasar modal. Penerbit Universitas.
Sabia, J. (2015). Do minimum wages stimulate productivity and growth? IZA World of Labor, 221, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.221
Safitri, S., Sebayang, K. D. A., & Mukhtar, S. (2023). The effect of economic growth, provincial minimum wage, and investment on labor absorption in DKI Jakarta Province in 2018-2022. Jurnal Pendidikan, 4(2), 226-232.
Sandika, R. S., Maulida, Y., & Setiawan, D. (2014). Pengaruh investasi terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Kabupaten Pelalawan. JOM FEKON, 1(2), 1-12.
Sandu Siyoto, & Sodik, M. A. (2015). Dasar metodologi penelitian. Penerbit Universitas.
Sari, A. D. R., Setyadi, D., & Farouk, U. (2015). Analisis pengaruh perkembangan penanaman modal dalam negeri (PMDN) dan penanaman modal asing (PMA) terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 8(2), 105-112.
Sarmiati. (2015). Analisis faktor ekonomi dan sosial ekonomi terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di pasar kerja Kota Palu. E-Jurnal Katalogis, 3(1), 147-155.
Sidki, M. H. (2016). Pengaruh penanaman modal asing langsung terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Indonesia tahun 1986-2014. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 14(2), 45-58.
Sitompul, T., & Simangunsong, Y. (2019). The analysis of the impact of GDP, FDI, minimum wage on employment in Indonesia. International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities, 2(2), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.31098/ijmesh.v2i2.17
Smith, A. (1977). An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. The University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51592-6
Soleh, M. (2007). Permintaan dan penawaran tenaga kerja serta upah: Teori serta beberapa potretnya di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi & Pendidikan, 4(1), 62-74.
Sornarajah, M. (2017). The international law on foreign investment. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316459959
Statistik, B. P. (2024). Statistik ketenagakerjaan Indonesia 2024. BPS-Statistics Indonesia.
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Alfabeta.
Sulistiawati, R. (2012). Pengaruh upah minimum terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja dan kesejahteraan masyarakat di provinsi di Indonesia. Jurnal Eksos, 8(2), 195-211.
Sumarsono, S. (2003). Ekonomi manajemen sumberdaya manusia dan ketenagakerjaan. Penerbit Universitas.
Susanti, E., & Berau, U. M. (2019). Pengaruh penanaman modal asing dan penanaman modal dalam negeri terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Kabupaten Berau 2005-2019. Jurnal Ekonomi Regional, 6(1), 31-37.
Tegep, J., Suratman, E., & Indra, S. (2019). The failure of foreign direct investment to explain unemployment rate and the mediating role of economic growth and minimum wage. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 9(2), 154-161.
Tintin, C. (2012). The effect of foreign direct investment on labor income: Evidence from OECD countries. Journal of International Economics, 4(1), 51-60.
Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2011). Economic development (11th ed.). Pearson. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315774206-29
Wangsa, A. D. (2017). Pengaruh penanaman modal asing, penanaman modal dalam negeri terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Provinsi DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat dan Banten tahun 2003-2017. Jurnal Ekonomi Regional, 8(2), 45-58.
Widyapangestia, D. I., & Soelistyo, A. (2022). Analisis pengaruh PDRB, investasi, upah minimum provinsi terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Pulau Jawa. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi (JIE), 6(1), 123-133.
Yanthiani, L. (2022). The impact of unemployment on the economy in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Economics and Business, 2(1), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.3917/reco.715.0815
Yuliana, S., Bashir, A., & Rohima, S. (2019). The effect of investment toward economic growth in the local economy. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan, 11(1), 28-39. https://doi.org/10.17977/um002v11i12019p028
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Fandiko Arya Putra, Herlitah Herlitah, Saparuddin M (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
